ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively summarize the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) findings of isolated noncompaction of ventricular myocardium (INVM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients (M:F = 9:2; mean age, 35 years) were evaluated. Steady-state free precession (SSFP), fast spin echo (SE) sequence, SSFP cine imaging, and delayed enhanced inversion recovery spoiled gradient echo (IR-SPGR) sequence were used for showing abnormal myocardium, measuring ratio of noncompacted/compacted myocardium layers (NC/C ratio), and detecting myocardial viability. The left ventricle was divided into nine segments and a NC/C ratio > 2.3 in diastole was used as cutoff value in diagnosing left INVM. The right ventricle was assessed qualitatively. RESULTS: Cardiac MRI indicated left INVM in seven patients, right INVM in one patient and biventricle INVM in three patients. Characteristic CMRI changes included prominent trabeculations, deep intertrabecular recesses and an increase in the NC/C ratio. The most frequently involved segments was left ventricular apex. Three patients had abnormal high signals within the trabecular structures on SE T2 weighted image. One ventricular aneurysm and one apical thrombus were also observed. Delayed enhancement was seen in six of nine patients with subendocardial and transmural patterns. CONCLUSION: There are CMRI features that might be characteristic for INVM.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Heart Aneurysm/complications , Heart Ventricles/pathology , Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Myocardium/pathologyABSTRACT
O miocárdio não compactado de ventrículo esquerdo é cardiomiopatia genética em decorrência de uma anormalidade da morfogênese endomiocárdica. Quando presente, geralmente está associado a outras anomalias cardíacas congênitas, sendo raro seu achado isolado sem outras alterações estruturais cardíacas associadas. Desde seu primeiro relato em 1990, a não compactação do miocárdio vem sendo amplamente estudada a fim de se estabelecerem caráter genético, história natural, métodos de diagnóstico, repercussões hemodinâmicas e prognóstico. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de miocárdio não compactado isolado de ventrículo esquerdo com estudo de necrópsia.
Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium is a genetic cardiomyopathy due to an alteration in endomyocardial morphogenesis. When present, it is commonly associated with other congenital cardiac diseases, whereas it is rare as an isolated finding without other associated cardiac structural alterations. Since its first report in 1990, the noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium has been widely studied in order to establish its genetic character, natural history, diagnostic methods, hemodynamic repercussions and prognosis. This study aims to report the case of an isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium with autopsy.